ИНФОРМАЦИЯ о публикационной активности факультета Истории
ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
о публикационной активности
факультета Истории
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Список публикации за 2021 год |
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1 |
The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes |
Olària C.bt,Arsuaga J.L.br, bu,Kotova N.bv,Pryor A.bw,Crabtree P.bx,Zhumatayev R.by,Toleubaev A. Outram A.bw,Orlando L. |
2021 |
Nature |
Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare1. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia5 and Anatolia6, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. |
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2 |
Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians |
Gnecchi-Ruscone G.A.a, b,Khussainova E.c,Kahbatkyzy N.c, d,Musralina L.a, c, d,Spyrou M.A.a,Bianco R.A.a,Radzeviciute R.a,Gomes Martins N.F.a,Freund C.a,Iksan O.c, d,Garshin A.c,Zhaniyazov Z.c Bekmanov B.c, d,Kitov E.d, e, f,Samashev Z.g, h,Beisenov A.f,Berezina N.i,Berezin Y.i,Bíró A.Z.j,Évinger S.j,Bissembaev A.h, k,Akhatov G.f,Mamedov A.l,Onggaruly A.m,Voyakin D.f, n,Chotbayev A.f,Kariyev Y. |
2021 |
Science Advances |
The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the different cultures. To address these questions, we produced genome-wide data for 111 ancient individuals retrieved from 39 archaeological sites from the first millennia BCE and CE across the Central Asian Steppe. We uncovered major admixture events in the Late Bronze Age forming the genetic substratum for two main Iron Age gene-pools emerging around the Altai and the Urals respectively. Their demise was mirrored by new genetic turnovers, linked to the spread of the eastern nomad empires in the first centuries CE. |
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3 |
Dairying enabled Early Bronze Age Yamnaya steppe expansions |
Wilkin S., Wilkin S.,Ventresca Miller A., Fernandes R., Spengler R.,Taylor W.T.-T., Brown D.R.,Reich D.,Kennett D.,Culleton B.,Kunz L.,Fortes C.,Kitov E. |
2021 |
Nature |
During the Early Bronze Age, populations of the western Eurasian steppe expanded across an immense area of northern Eurasia. Combined archaeological and genetic evidence supports widespread Early Bronze Age population movements out of the Pontic–Caspian steppe that resulted in gene flow across vast distances, linking populations of Yamnaya pastoralists in Scandinavia with pastoral populations (known as the Afanasievo) far to the east in the Altai Mountains1,2 and Mongolia3. Although some models hold that this expansion was the outcome of a newly mobile pastoral economy characterized by horse traction, bulk wagon transport4–6 and regular dietary dependence on meat and milk5, hard evidence for these economic features has not been found. Here we draw on proteomic analysis of dental calculus from individuals from the western Eurasian steppe to demonstrate a major transition in dairying at the start of the Bronze Age. The rapid onset of ubiquitous dairying at a point in time when steppe populations are known to have begun dispersing offers critical insight into a key catalyst of steppe mobility. The identification of horse milk proteins also indicates horse domestication by the Early Bronze Age, which provides support for its role in steppe dispersals. Our results point to a potential epicentre for horse domestication in the Pontic–Caspian steppe by the third millennium bc, and offer strong support for the notion that the novel exploitation of secondary animal products was a key driver of the expansions of Eurasian steppe pastoralists by the Early Bronze Age. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25341/page/ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=342437570967847&set=a.131677618710511 |
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4 |
Finding karstic caves and rockshelters in the Inner Asian mountain corridor using predictive modelling and field survey |
Cuthbertson P., Ullmann T., Büdel C., Varis A., Namen A. |
2021 |
PLoS ONE |
The area of the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor (IAMC) follows the foothills and piedmont zones around the northern limits of Asia’s interior mountains, connecting two important areas for human evolution: the Fergana valley and the Siberian Altai. Prior research has suggested the IAMC may have provided an area of connected refugia from harsh climates during the Pleistocene. To date, this region contains very few secure, dateable Pleistocene sites, but its widely available carbonate units present an opportunity for discovering cave sites, which generally preserve longer sequences and organic remains. Here we present two models for predicting karstic cave and rockshelter features in the Kazakh portion of the IAMC. The 2018 model used a combination of lithological data and unsupervised landform classification, while the 2019 model used feature locations from the results of our 2017–2018 field surveys in a supervised classification using a minimum-distance classifier and morphometric features derived from the ASTER digital elevation model (DEM). We present the results of two seasons of survey using two iterations of the karstic cave models (2018 and 2019), and evaluate their performance during survey. In total, we identified 105 cave and rockshelter features from 2017–2019. |
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5 |
Lead-glazing technology from Medieval Central Asia: A case study from Aktobe, Kazakhstan |
Klesner C.E., Akymbek Y.,Vandiver P.B. |
2021 |
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |
representative group of lead-glazed ceramics excavated from the Medieval city of Aktobe, in what is today southern Kazakhstan, was analyzed to reconstruct the production technology. Fifteen sherds, which date from the 9th–12th c. CE, were previously identified by neutron activation analysis as locally produced (Klesner et al., 2019). The ceramics, which represent four common Early Islamic wares (monochrome, underglaze painted, underglaze slip-painted, and opaque) were examined by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis to establish the variability of local artisans’ use of raw materials, glazing methods, and decorative techniques. Early Islamic ceramics are the first glazed wares produced in southern Kazakhstan, and through their technological reconstruction, we determined how this new ceramic technology was produced. We show evidence that the ceramics were introduced by skilled craftspeople who knew the production technology that was being used in Islamic centers in southwest and Central Asia. |
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6 |
Investigation of provenances of Early Islamic lead glazes from northern Central Asia using elemental and lead isotope analyses |
Klesner C., Renson V., Akymbek Y., Killick D. |
2021 |
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |
A representative collection of Early Islamic glazed ceramics from eleven sites in southern Kazakhstan were characterized by compositional (n = 95) and lead isotope analysis (n = 33). The ceramics, which date from the 9–15th c. CE were examined to determine the glaze type, colorants, and opacifiers used by local craftsmen. Several distinct glaze types are present including transparent high-lead glaze (n = 66) and opaque high-lead glaze (n = 10), of which tin-opacified glazes, tin- and antimony-opacified glazes, and antimony-opacified glazes were all identified. The occurrence of antimony-opacified glazes and tin- and antimony-opacified glazes is unattested in this region in the Early Islamic Period and indicates that the local craftsmen in southern Kazakhstan are innovating in their production of opaque glazed ceramics using local raw materials. Lead isotope analysis was employed to identify potential sources of lead, and the results indicate that the craftsmen were obtaining lead from at least two different sources for their glazed production. Using a large comparative database and through the application of Euclidean distance, we were able to identify potential ore deposits from the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, including deposits that were active silver mines during the Medieval Period. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25341/page/ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=364468795431391&set=a.131677618710511 |
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7 |
The concept of"zheti-ata" and the prohibition of marriage up to seven generations in Kazakh culture |
Kozgambayeva G., Yegizbaeva M., Urazbayeva A. |
2021 |
Milli Folklor |
In the Kazakh people, people belonging to seven generations were considered as close relatives and these seven generations were prohibited from marrying among themselves. In the traditional consciousness of the Kazakh people “zheti-ata” which means “seven grandfathers” in Kazakh, is a system for spreading male lineage. The Kazakh people are divided into three “zhuz”es (tribal divisions). The system of seven generations consists of members of one clan; “ata”, “ake”, “bala”, “nemere”, “şöbere”, “şöpşek”, “nemene”. People who have a common seventh ancestor are considered the children of the same father, and they are not allowed to marry each other. In Kazakh society, knowledge of the names of the seven ancestors is mandatory for every person. |
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8 |
Early sarmatian burial of mound group kenysh 3 in Kazakhstan tobol river region |
Seitov A.M., Bazarbayeva G.A., Jumabekova G.S. |
2021 |
Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya |
Materials of a mound of the early Sarmatian time investigated by the Turgay archaeological expedition of the A. Baitursynov Kostanay State University under the leadership of V.N. Logvin and S.S. Kaliyeva in a field season of 1995 were considered in the article for the first time. The earthen mound before the beginning of excavation had a diameter of 25 m, a height of 1.25 m. It was surrounded by a circular ditch with a diameter of 31 m. Fragments of a wooden tent structure were recorded in the embankment. A pair burial was found under the mound. The inventory is represented by iron sword and dagger, bronze sleeve and iron petiolate arrowheads, bone and iron buckles and fragments of wooden utensils. Burial refers to the end of Early Sarmatian culture (2nd century BC). The issueof the origin and spread of the tradition of wooden tent ceiling isconsideredby the authors. © 2021 Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan, A.Kh. Khalikov Archaeology Institute. All rights reserved. |
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9 |
«To the Study of the Pazyryk Culture Elements in the Kazakh Altay Based on the Data of Interdisciplinary Research» |
S. A. Nigmatova, G. S. Jumabekova, E. K. Altynbekova, B. M. Khasenova, G. A. Bazarbayeva |
2021 |
Stratum plus |
The article presents the outcomes of the multidisciplinary research on the Berel kurgan no. 11 (4th—3rd centuries BC). Thanks to the permafrost lens, horse remains and organic objects were kept in the mound in perfect condition, which enabled the researchers to carry out a number of specific studies, including the palynological study of the contents of digestive tracts of 7 horses. General results of the implemented paleozoological studies of horse remains are described in the paper as well as decoration of the animals. The palynological analysis of the horse digestive tracts led to identification of 2 types of palynocomplexes: 1 — characterized by high pollen content of ligneous and early flowering herbaceous plants, sporadic fern and ground-pines; 2 — has a rich pollen composition made of herbaceous plants, common for steppe piedmonts of the Altay. These palynocomplex features might pertain to differences in the mountain pastures conditioned by the vertical zonality. Comparison of flowering dates of pollen-defined plants allowed suggesting the burial’s probable season. In the course of the burial, the horse bodies were covered with birch bark and branches of prairieweed, which could serve the purpose of sealing and embalming the objects and, hence, indicate the fact that ancient nomads were familiar with the aseptic and tanning properties of the plants. In general, horses were selected according to certain criteria for the accompanying burial, which is consistent with obtained results of the present palynological and palaeozoological studies. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25341/page/ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=371882524690018&set=a.131677618710511 |
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10 |
Система здравоохранения в Калмыцкой степи в начале ХХ в. |
Команджаев А.Н., Команджаев Е.А., Мийманбаева Ф.Н |
2021 |
Oriental Studies |
Целью работы является характеристика процесса развития системы здравоохранения у калмыков-кочевников Астраханской губернии. Для достижения этой цели авторы представили анализ степени распространенности различных заболеваний в регионе, состояния врачебно-фельдшерской помощи и деятельности стационарных лечебных учреждений в указанный период. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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11 |
Система здравоохранения в Калмыцкой степи в начале ХХ в. |
Команджаев А.Н., Команджаев Е.А., Мийманбаева Ф.Н |
2021 |
Oriental Studies |
Целью работы является характеристика процесса развития системы здравоохранения у калмыков-кочевников Астраханской губернии. Для достижения этой цели авторы представили анализ степени распространенности различных заболеваний в регионе, состояния врачебно-фельдшерской помощи и деятельности стационарных лечебных учреждений в указанный период. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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12 |
Мусульманские надгробные памятники Карнак (Туркестанская область) как историко-археологический источник |
Байгунаков Д.С., Сабденова Г.Е |
2021 |
Поволжская археология. 2021 №4 (38) стр. 167-179 |
В 2013 году археолого-этнографическая экспедиция ТОО «Научно-исследователь ского института культуры» исследовала южные регионы Казахстана. Основной при оритет был дан полевым изысканиям по проблемам археологии, этнографии, культуры и искусства кочевников. В селе Карнак Туркестанской области были обнаружены уни кальные надгробные памятники, которые являются неотъемлемым компонентом нрав ственных основ мусульманской культуры. Некрополь Карнак расположен в северной части одноименного села и охватывает более 3 га площади, основную часть которой занимают современные мемориальные комплексы ХХ века. Интерес исследователей вызвала часть Карнакского кладбища, в которых были расположены памятники по гребально-культовой архитектуры позднего средневековья и нового времени. Новизна настоящего исследования связана с попыткой уточнения ряда положений в области исследования погребально-культовой архитектуры Южного Казахстана. До сих пор многие считают, что традиционная погребально-культовая архитектура сохранилась только в западных регионах республики. Тем не менее, впервые исследованный мемо риальный комплекс Карнак и содержащиеся в нем материалы доказывают, что попыт ка реконструкции истории надгробных сооружений, выявление его истоков, факторов, обусловивших становление различных атрибутов еще далеки от решения. Изучение погребально-культовой архитектуры в контексте мусульманской археологии позволяет решить ряд задач гуманитарных наук, посвященных мемориальному комплексу и на родному промыслу, в том числе камнерезному искусству южных регионов Казахстана. Ключевые слова: археология, Южный Казахстана, средневековье, городище Кар нак, некрополь, «кулпытас», мемориальные комплексы, погребально-культовая архитектура |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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13 |
Socio-Economic Significance Orenburg-Tashkent Railway in the Syrdarya Region of the Turkestan General Government |
Lazzat S. Dinasheva, Murat M. Tastanbekov, Gulmira Y. Sabdenova, Tengesh S. Kalenova |
2021 |
Bylye Gody. 2021. 16(4): 1857-1866. |
The article is devoted to the analysis of the significance of the Orenburg-Tashkent railway in the socio-economic life of the Syrdarya region of the Turkestan region. This railway line is considered as a mechanism that opened the way for the entry of the region into capitalist relations. Most of the railway line passed through the territory of the Syrdarya region. Among the regions included in the Turkestan Region, the Syrdarya region stands out for its geographical and socio-economic character. This is due to the fact that there were very few cities and industrial centers on the territory of the region. The vast majority of residents led a semi-nomadic lifestyle. It was difficult for the peasants to get their goods transported to other consumer environments. It can be argued that this development trend has changed dramatically with the construction of the railway. Based on archival materials, an assessment of the activities of new railway stations and industrial facilities formed on the territory of the Syrdarya region is given. In addition, much attention is paid to the phenomenon of diversification of the labor sphere caused by the functioning of the railway. In the course of the research work, an objective approach to the factors of the construction of the Orenburg-Tashkent railway is revealed. As one of them, it is concluded that the factor of highway construction was carried out not because of competition between empires (as noted in many studies), but in order to involve the socio-economic isolated part of the empire in integration processes. Due to the activity of the railway, the export-import potential of the region has increased. The Syrdarya region has received ample opportunities for the export of salt, santonin, wool, dried fruits. In general, the railway line had a significant impact on the transition of the region from the old feudal relations to a partial agrarian-industrial form |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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14 |
The role of Uluses and Zhuzes in the formation of the ethnic territory of the Kazakh People |
Aidana Koptileuova, Bolat Kumekov, Meiramkul Bizhanova |
2021 |
ASTRA Salvensis, Supplement no. 1/2021- P.173-186 |
The article is devoted to one of the pressing issues of Kazakh historiography – the problems of the formation of the ethnic territory of the Kazakh people. The ethnic territory of the Kazakh people is the national borders of today’s Republic of Kazakhstan, inherited from the nomadic ancestors – the Kazakh Khanate. Uluses are a distinctive feature of the social structure of nomads, Zhuzes are one of the Kazakh nomads. In this regard, our goal is to determine their role in shaping the ethnic territory of the Kazakh people. To do this, a comparative analysis will be made according to different data and historiographic materials, in addition, the article will cover the issues of the appearance of the zhuzes system in Kazakh society and its stages. As a result of this work, the authorial offers are proposed – the hypothesis of the gradual formation of the ethnic territory and the Kazakh zhuzes system. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/18671/page/ |
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15 |
The Concept of "Zheti-Ata" and The Prohibition of Marriage up to Seven Generations in Kazakh Culture |
Kozğambayeva Gulnar, Yegizbayeva Meruyert, Urazbayeva Akzhamal |
2021 |
Millî Folklor, 2021, Yıl 33, Cilt 17, Sayı 129. -45-57s. |
In the Kazakh people, people belonging to seven generations were considered as close relatives and these seven generations were prohibited from marrying among themselves. In the traditional consciousness of the Kazakh people “zheti-ata” which means “seven grandfathers” in Kazakh, is a system for spreading male lineage. The Kazakh people are divided into three “zhuz”es (tribal divisions). People who have a common seventh ancestor are considered the children of the same father, and they are not allowed to marry each other. In Kazakh society, knowledge of the names of the seven ancestors is mandatory for every person. The prohibition of marriage up to seven generations protected the Kazakh society from incest and loss of generic and genetic qualities. Therefore, the elders of the Kazakh people maintained family ties until seven generations grew up. Starting from the eighth generation, a new name was determined for “ru” (clans). For this reason, elders, judges, and heads of this clan invited members of their lineage, slaughtered the white mare, prayed, and since the seven generations are completed, they gave permission for this line to be married. in some Turkish noble peoples such as Uzbeks and Turkmens, the main aim of this article is to determine and analyze the similarity of the Kazakh tradition of creating a family, as well as to identify the features of the tradition of the prohibition of marriage up to seven generations in comparison with other. Since family marriages lead to the emergence of many genetic diseases, the problem of maintaining blood purity, which is an important traditional understanding in the prevention of health problems, is very important not only for Kazakhs but also for the health and future of generation of all peoples. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/18671/page/ |
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Список публикации за 2020 год |
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1 |
Psychology of children in divorced families. Experience of Kazakhstan |
Baudiyarova K.B., Imanbekova A.A.,Yegizbaeva M.K.,Kalish A.B., Imanberlinova G.A.
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2020 |
Voprosy Istorii |
Kazakh people paid much attention to the education of children, including features of their formation, socialization and worldview. Centuries-old credo is family education. The aim of the family is not the birth of children, but also to impart not only the skills and values of social and cultural environment, but also a full-fledged member of their society. Despite all this is a breaking-down of family ties of spouses. The consequence of this is socialization children without one parent. Children living is single-parent families are subjected under the psychological emotional stress. This circumstance is becoming one of the actual problems of Kazakhstan. © 2020, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii (Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist. All rights reserved. |
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2 |
The transformation of the hospitality etiquette of the kazakhs |
Meirmanova G.A., Khatran D., Kabdoldina G.A. |
2020 |
Etnograficeskoe Obozrenie |
The article discusses hospitality etiquette, a traditional institution in the Kazakh society which has been changing under the influence of globalization and urbanization. The study is drawn on the data collected during a number of field trips to various regions of Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. We have examined an array of features making the Kazakh hospitality etiquette distinctive, such as the categorizing of guests, the order of their admittance, the rules of hosts’ and guests’ behavior, the manner in which guests get seated at the table and the order in which meat dishes are distributed, as well as the gender roles at the ceremony. We attempt to spell out what is general and particular and what is traditional and novel to the etiquette. We argue that hospitality etiquette still retains its place among the most important social values of the Kazak society despite being subjected to transformations. © Russian Academy of Sciences © Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS. |
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3 |
The ethnographical aspect of good wishes of the Kazakh people |
Tokhtabayeva S, Meirmanova G., Zhumabayeva A., Batyrkhan B., Berlibayev E. |
2020 |
Voprosy Istorii |
The article is devoted to the ethnographic aspect of the traditional good wishes of the Kazakh people. It is written on the basis of available literature on the good wishes of Eurasia and Caucasus nations, as well as field materials collected from 2000-2009 in Kazakhstan and Mongolia. The results of the article make additions to the problem of etiology of cultural parallels. © 2020, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii (Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist. All rights reserved. |
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4 |
Reconstruction of the costume elements of the Shilikty "Golden Man" |
Toleubayev A., Zhumatayev R.,Shakenov S. |
2020 |
Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities |
The article contains the reconstruction of the Shilikty "Golden Man" clothing based on multidisciplinary studies of the archeological material from the royal kurgan "Baigetobe" in the Tarbagatai foothills. The authors describe in detail the reconstruction of the anthropological appearance and the results of studying organic samples from the burial complex, as well as explain the final shape of royal attire and justify the details and components of the reconstructed costume. The methodological basis of the study is the systemic approach that allows one to view the categories of the Saka royal clothing as profound systems. Within the approach, the methodology and the recreation of ancient royal clothing rely on a wide range of analogies from Eurasian Saka-Scythian monuments and ethnographic materials. Based on these monuments and materials, the authors have established that certain elements in the clothing of early nomads of Kazakhstan have more in common with the clothing of neighboring tribes of Asian steppes in the early Iron Age. This is evident in the cut, detailing and the décor of clothing recovered from such monuments as Pazyryk, Katanda, Tuyekta and Akalakha. The methodological challenge to study clothing based on archeological data is primarily related to the condition of the source. |
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5 |
Some studies of medieval coins taraz on the results of recent archaeological excavations |
Yeleuov M., Egamberdiyev M. |
2020 |
Bilig |
On 10 June 2014 an international research center «Turan», whose director is Professor Madiyar Yeleuov conducted archaeological excavations, to investigate shakhristan and eastern gates of the citadel and the defense system of the ancient city of Taraz. Archaeological expedition was sponsored by the Department of Culture, Archival and Records Akimat Zhambyl region on the basis of a contract with a public institution of public services “Directorate of preservation and conservation of historical and cultural heritage” of June 5, 2014 (№ 35) and the annex to the treaty of September 15, 2014 year (№ 1). The excavations shakhristan thickness of 7 meters and 11 meters, which was made of clay pakhsa (brick), as well as the river passing through the city, built stone wall was investigated. In addition, in a study of the citadel, which consisted of 3 stages, the stones were found the remains of the city. Overall, the study made it possible to give a scientific assessment of the discovered materials made of ceramic, metal, bone, and found 89 coins. These coins make it possible to trace the development of trade, socio-economic status of the pre-Islamic Turkic period covering the 7-8 century. © 2020, Ahmet Yesevi University. All rights reserved. |
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6 |
New Data on the Holocene Mammal Fauna of the Ustyurt Plateau |
Kosintsev P.A., Bachura O.P., Gasilin V.V., Gimranov D.O., Samashev Z., Loshakova T.N., Onggaruly A., Bisembaev A.A., Bol’shakov V.N. |
2020 |
Doklady Biological Sciences |
Abstract: Analysis of mammalian species composition has been performed for eight archaeological sites on the Ustyurt plateau. They date to the range from the middle Subboreal to the middle Subatlantic. The modern species composition of large mammals formed by the end of the Middle Holocene (Subboreal 2) and did not change until the early 20th century. The ungulate species composition and ratio on the plateau showed geographical variation and changed over time. Boars were always rare or absent in the north of Ustyurt. The structure of the ungulate fauna in the north of Ustyurt changed over time. Onager numbers in this area increased and saiga numbers decreased in the middle of the Late Holocene. Significant geographical differences in the structure of ungulate fauna were recorded in the middle of the Late Holocene. The numbers of onagers, goitered gazelles, and argali were higher, whereas the numbers of saigas were lower in the south of Ustyurt than in the north. |
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7 |
Shamans Roots of the Baksilic and Eltilic Tradition in South Kazakhistan (19. Century and the Beginning of 20. Century) |
Kartaeva T. |
2020 |
Turk Kulturu ve Haci Bektas Veli - Arastirma Dergisi |
A special event that continues to remain a mystery by preserving its mystery in the spiritual worlds of the Kazakh people with their traditional lives is a matter of developing shamanism in the southern region of Kazakh territory. The Kazakh people called the male shamans "Baksi" and the female shamans "Elti". While travellers, scholars, historians and folklore researchers who visited Kazakh lands in various historical periods, witnessed the ceremonies of the Baksi, they wrote the inspirational powers and the mysterious movements they saw as they were. Baksis associate people with the souls of the dead and mythological heroes. When Baksi's chanted aloud, they called the elves to help and each Baksi have had their own pr (spiritual guide). They picked up kopuz, dombra (Kazakh musical instruments) and sticks. Baksis have had the characteristics of bard, murmurer, physician, magician, and composer, and always kept their own features secret and did not raise students. |
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8 |
The effect of animal herding practices on the diversity of human stable isotope values in North Central Asia |
Usmanova E., Utubayev Z. Varfolomeev V. |
2020 |
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |
Human isotopic values from North Central Asia vary not only chronologically, but also spatially, which likely points to the exploitation of different resources for the subsistence. We argue that observed differences in the human isotopic ratios across North Central Asia are directly related to the animal herding strategies, which in turn were influenced by the local environment and landscape features. This paper presents a collation of both new (n = 149) and previously published (n = 585) carbon and nitrogen isotopic values measured on human bone collagen dating from the Bronze Age to Medieval period Northern Central Asia. These data have allowed modeling human dietary variations in different ecotones and chronological periods of North Central Asia. Analysis of isotopic values of various domestic herbivore species demonstrated that horses, cattle, and sheep/goats in North Central Asia tend to exhibit different isotopic signatures. The strong regional variations, particularly evident in δ13C values across North Central Asia from Bronze to Middle Ages tend to reflect the scale of C4 crop consumption by humans. However, they can also be related to the differences in the exploited herding strategies, such as the focus on cattle, horses or caprines husbandry as well as vertical transhumance pastoralism. |
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9 |
Revisiting the Kazakh Famine at the Beginning of the 1930s in Fine Art Forms from the Perspective of Cultural Memory |
Sharipova D.S., Kenjakulova A.B., Kobzhanova S.Z., Orazkulova K.S., Kenzhebayeva L.A. |
2020 |
Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities |
Reflecting on the past is the foundation for national unity. In this context, it appears relevant to conduct research into fine art as storage of memory and a resource for the reconstruction of lasting images of the past. This article looks at the issue of cultural memory in Kazakhstan through the study of works of figurative art devoted to the history of the famine of the beginning of the 1930s. The authors examine how this topic was reflected in Soviet art, as well as at the current stage of cultural development. The forms of representation of cultural trauma as a metaphor and an affective experience are also explored in the article. Nowadays, monuments of grief perform socio-cultural functions that are inextricably connected with the development of national identity. |
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10 |
The earliest domestic cat on the Silk Road |
Haruda A.F.,Ventresca Miller A.R., Paijmans J.L.A.,Barlow A.,Tazhekeyev A., Bilalov S. |
2020 |
Scientific Reports |
We present the earliest evidence for domestic cat (Felis catus L., 1758) from Kazakhstan, found as a well preserved skeleton with extensive osteological pathologies dating to 775–940 cal CE from the early medieval city of Dzhankent, Kazakhstan. This urban settlement was located on the intersection of the northern Silk Road route which linked the cities of Khorezm in the south to the trading settlements in the Volga region to the north and was known in the tenth century CE as the capital of the nomad Oghuz. The presence of this domestic cat, presented here as an osteobiography using a combination of zooarchaeological, genetic, and isotopic data, provides proxy evidence for a fundamental shift in the nature of human-animal relationships within a previously pastoral region. This illustrates the broader social, cultural, and economic changes occurring within the context of rapid urbanisation during the early medieval period along the Silk Road. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25341/page/
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11 |
Archaeological researches in the territory of Kazakhstan in Russia during the empire (1733-1917) |
Krupko I.V., Nurzhanov A.A., Sydykov A.Zh.,Kaldybaeva G.A. |
2020 |
Bylye Gody |
The article researches the first period of archaeological science development in Kazakhstan (on the example of specific personalities), which laid the foundation for the formation of historical and archaeological knowledge on this territory in the period from the middle of XIX century to 1917, which subsequently evolved in the Soviet period. In the system of indigenous knowledge of the local population, archaeological sites did not exist in the status of such, despite the fact that they constituted a “sacred landscape” of habitat. The process of revitalization and construction of historical and cultural heritage began with the inclusion of the Kazakhstan's territory in the legal and sociocultural space of the Russian Empire. It's allowed to continue its development in the Soviet period at a qualitatively different methodological level, and then in the period after 1991 to consolidate its status of ethno-historical riches, legitimizing autochthonism, antiquity and the mobilizing discourse of nation-building. © 2020 by International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research Copyright © 2020 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. |
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12 |
The Russian empire’s scientific heritage: V.V. bartold and central asia |
Nurzhanov A.A., Kaldybaeva G.A.,Krupko I.V. |
2020 |
Bylye Gody |
The stage of gaining the cultural heritage of the steppe civilization was the study of archaeological sites in Kazakhstan by scientists of the Russian Empire. Important for national historiographies of the post-imperial space is the placement of specific personalities in the pantheon of historical memory. Of lasting importance in the study of medieval history and archeology of the South-Southeast Kazakhstan was the trip to this region of V.V. Bartold in 1893−1894. Based on numerous written sources the researcher gave the localization of cities, identifying them with specific monitored sites. He noted the ancient origins of urban culture in the area of the city of Almaty. This work is adjoined by the proximity of the topic "Essay on the history of the Seven Rivers", which retains its scientific significance, remaining the most complete and systematic review of the political history of the Seven Rivers from ancient times to the late Middle Ages. His fundamental research became the basis of numerous subsequent studies in the field of studying the historical topography of cities, their localization, their role in the historical events of antiquity and the Middle Ages, the history of the emergence and development of the cities themselves in the light of Turkic-Sogdian interactions. |
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13 |
Zoroastrian funerary vessels from south Kazakhstan |
Baitanaev B.A., Zheleznyakov B.A |
2020 |
Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya |
The paper describes two ceramic funerary vessels from Southern Kazakhstan. The first one is an oval elongated ossuary (solid, with no lid or ornamentation, on legs), discovered in the middle reaches of the Arys river. The second vessel is a khum with a lid and special lugs on the body for tying the lid, discovered near Shymkent settlement, possibly on its Early Medieval necropolis. This vessel is exhibited in the Museum of Local Lore of Shymkent. These unique findings are associated to the Zoroastrian/Mazdean burial technique of the Middle Syr Darya region. According to scientific information, since the 5th century AD the catacomb burial rite was replaced with the Naous rite across the entire right bank of the Syr Darya. This rite consisted in subsequent final burial of bone remains in ceramic vessels or other containers, or without them, in dedicated locations of the landscape, not associated with the active life of society. |
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14 |
Sustainability of underground hydro-technologies: From ancient to modern times and toward the future |
Valipour M.,A Ahmed A.T., Antoniou G.P.,Sala R. |
2020 |
Sustainability (Switzerland) |
An underground aqueduct is usually a canal built in the subsurface to transfer water from a starting point to a distant location. Systems of underground aqueducts have been applied by ancient civilizations to manage different aspects of water supply. This research reviews underground aqueducts from the prehistoric period to modern times to assess the potential of achieving sustainable development of water distribution in the sectors of agriculture and urban management, and provides valuable insights into various types of ancient underground systems and tunnels. The review illustrates how these old structures are a testament of ancient people’s ability to manage water resources using sustainable tools such as aqueducts, where the functionality works by using, besides gravity, only “natural” engineering tools like inverted siphons. The study sheds new light on human’s capability to collect and use water in the past. In addition, it critically analyzes numerous examples of ancient/historic/pre-industrial underground water supply systems that appear to have remained sustainable up until recent times. The sustainability of several underground structures is examined, correlated to their sound construction and regular maintenance. |
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15 |
Echoes of the Turkic world and folklore in the holy book avesta |
Nusipalikyzy A., Almasbek M., Dosbol B., Koshenova T.I., Mekebaeva L.A. |
2020 |
Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities |
The holy book “Avesta” is one of the magnificent creations of the world, which contains valuable information about religion, literature, culture, geography, history and mythology of the ancient peoples of Central Asia. For several centuries, many scholars of various specialties have been interested in “Avesta”. In numerous comments they discussed the history of the appearance of the book and its hymns, the personality of Zarathustra, his homeland, geographical objects, historical characters and mythological images, the ideological basis of the collection of holy books, etc. Many of the above mentioned questions are still being discussed among specialists, causing and over-colouring certain problems. In their work, the authors tried to find something in common between the “Avesta” and the Kazakh literature, exploring the spiritual relationship of the “Avesta” with the mythology of the people. As practice shows, various phenomena in the folklore of the peoples of the world are experiencing their birth, formation, flourishing, decay and death. Forms are modified, disappear, replaced by others. But sometimes the most ancient layer of folk art is preserved as a relic. Sometimes it is very difficult to see the traces of the most ancient representations in national folklore. |
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16 |
Практика ведения делопроизводства в Семиреченской области в конце XIX – начале XX вв. |
Мийманбаева Ф. Н. Алпысбаева Н. К., Картабаева Е.Т., Отен Г.Ж. |
2020 |
Bylye Gody |
В представленной статье на базе архивных материалов, которые вводятся в научный оборот впервые, рассмотрено нормативное регулирование и ведение делопроизводства местных органов управления: уездных начальников, волостных управителей (и русских, и киргизский волостей), установлена структура уездных и участковых канцелярий; определен перечень делопроизводственной документации, необходимой в работе; выявлены сроки хранения отдельных документов, обеспечивающих принятие и реализацию управленческих решений, определен штат сотрудников канцелярий. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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17 |
Project-based learning approach for teaching mobile application development using visualization technology |
Zhanat Nurbekova, Vadim Grinshkun, Gaukhar Aimicheva, Bakyt Nurbekov, Kalima Tuenbaeva |
2020 |
International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) eISSN: 1863-0383
Индексируется в Elsevier Scopus, Clarivate Analytics ESCI, Ei Compendex, IET Inspec, EBSCO, DOAJ, dblp, LearnTechLib |
This article is devoted to the experience of applying the Blended Project-Based Learning Approach Using Visualization Technology in teaching mobile application development for IT-students. The Blended Project-Based Learning Approach Using Visualization Technology is based on a project-based method, pair programming, teamwork and using of digital educational resources as a visual learning content. The authors describe the impact of the used teaching methods and digital educational resources on the student's cognitive skills during the mobile application development. Данная статья посвящена опыту применения Смешанного проектно-ориентированного подхода с использованием технологий визуализации в обучении разработке мобильных приложений для студентов IT-специальностей. Подход смешанного проектного обучения с использованием технологии визуализации основан на проектном методе, парном программировании, командной работе и использовании цифровых образовательных ресурсов в качестве визуального учебного контента. Авторы описывают влияние используемых методов обучения и цифровых образовательных ресурсов на когнитивные навыки студента при разработке мобильного приложения. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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18 |
Change management in the higher education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
Dengelbaeva, Nazgul B.; Issengalieva, Assiya G.; Labenova, Rabiga S.; Tuenbaeva, Kalima T.; Agymbai, Assylbek O. Bigotanov, Kaisar S. |
2020 |
Espacios
Научный журнал Espacios включен в БД Скопус. |
The article deals with the system of higher education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main characteristics of the education system are described. Features of change management in higher education in Kazakhstan. The ways of improving the system of higher education are proposed. The degree of development of the research subject is structured. The paper uses theoretical and methodological concepts and offers its research approaches to the study of the problem. The results of the study are defined and derived, and can be used in the development of guidelines and research problems of higher education |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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19 |
‘They do not help, only demoralize’: peasant nachalniks and the last imperial Russian reform on the Kazakh Steppe, 1902–1917 |
Sultangalieva, G., Seitz, J.B. |
2020 |
Central Asian Survey |
This article studies an early-twentieth-century reform in local administration on the Kazakh Steppe. It was catalyzed by the massive in-migration of peasant settlers from European Russia, which required fundamentally new administrative forms and institutional decisions from the state. In 1902 the Russian Empire extended the Temporary Regulation on Peasant Nachalniks to the steppe oblasts of Akmola, Turgai, Semipalatinsk and Uralsk. Тhis article uncovers the complexity and ambiguities of the decisions that were made, the problems the new law faced, and the wide array of participants in enacting it. The article also compiles a socio-cultural portrait of the peasant nachalniks. Finally, it addresses how the Kazakh population perceived these new officials, and how they interacted with representatives of the Kazakh administration, which was crucial to their effectiveness. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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20 |
Kazakh translators of the Semirechensk oblast. For teacher of history |
Sultangalieva Gulmira, S., Abdrakhim Miras, Ye. |
2020 |
Voprosy Istorii |
В данной публикации авторами рассматривается вопрос о становлении переводческой деятельности в системе управления Семиреченской областью. Раскрываются позиции регинальной власти по отношению к кооптациии представителей местных народов на должность письменных и словесных переводчиков. Дается характеристика деятельности казахских переводчиков в системе местного управления регионом, восприятие их местным населением и отношение региональной администрации к ним. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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21 |
Religious beliefs and traditional worldview of Eurasian nomadic communities: Historiography |
Maidanali Z., Arystanbekova K.D., Saginayeva A.N., Koshymova A.O. |
2020 |
European Journal of Science and Theology. – October 2020. –Vol.16. – No.5. – P. 25-33 |
This article deals with the religious beliefs and traditional worldview of Eurasian nomadic communities and focuses on the historiographical notion of the given problem. The development of historical science shows the very need to define criteria for evaluating and classifying the written and oral sources related to the concept of the religious beliefs and traditional worldview of Eurasian nomadic communities. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/18671/page/ |
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Список публикации за 2019 год |
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1 |
Kazakh diaspora in kyrgyzstan: History of settlement and ethnographic peculiarities |
Kalshabayeva B., Dadabayeva G.,Eskekbaev D. |
2019 |
Folklore (Estonia) |
The article focuses on the most significant stages of the formation of the Kazakh diaspora in the Kyrgyz Republic, to point out what reasons contributed to the rugged Kazakh migration process in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and how it affected the forms and types of their settlements (compact or disperse). The researched issues also include the identification of factors provoked by humans and the state to launch these migrations. Surprisingly enough, opposite to the claims made by independent Kazakhstan leadership in the early 2000s, the number of Kazakhs in Kyrgyzstan wishing to become repatriates to their native country is still far from the desired. Thus the article is an attempt to find out what reasons and factors influence the Kazakh residents’ desire to stay in the neighboring country as a minority. To provide the answer, the authors analyzed the dynamics of statistical variations in the number of migrants and the reasons of these changes. The other key point in tracing what characteristic features separate Kazakhs in Kyrgyzstan and their kinsmen in Kazakhstan is the archival data, statistical, historical, and field sources, which provide a systematic overview of the largely unstudied pages of the history of the Kazakh diaspora. |
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2 |
The model of professional competence development in future Physical Education teachers at an entrepreneurial university |
Zhienbayeva S., Kalysh A., Zhubandykova A., Nabuova R., Issayeva A. |
2019 |
Espacios |
The article provides the rationale for modeling of the process of development of professional competence in a future Physical Education teacher at an entrepreneurial university; it specifies the meaning of the term "professional competence" and its structural components as applied to a Physical Education teacher in the framework of an entrepreneurial university. Professional competence of a Physical Education teacher is viewed as a set of integrated fundamental knowledge, general skills, abilities and professionally relevant personal qualities of students necessary for professional activity, reflecting the level of their expertise, willingness to perform professional functions and achieve high results. Professional competence of a future Physical Education teacher includes a whole set of competencies: personal, cognitive, activity-and-performance and reflexive. A model of professional competence development in future Physical Education teachers at an entrepreneurial university has been created and experimentally tested. A pedagogical environment that encourages the development of professional competence in future Physical Education teachers during the studies at an entrepreneurial university has been identified. Methodological recommendations for the development of professional competence in future Physical Education teachers at an entrepreneurial university have been drawn up and presented in this article. |
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3 |
Sociocultural mechanisms of oralmans’ adaptation in the contemporary Kazakhstani society |
Kalysh A., Kassymova D., Isayeva A., Meirmanova G., Baudiyarova K., Sapatayev S. |
2019 |
Opcion |
The objective of the article is to make preliminary generalizations for further research on repatriates’ adaptation models via comparative qualitative research methods. As a result, the case of Kazakhs coming from Uzbekistan is interesting as it provides an opportunity to look at how Kazakh practices survived in Uzbek environment and now serve the purpose to breed true Kazakhness on Kazakh soil. In conclusion, the employment of Mahalla model by the Ak Ordasy Corporation was necessitated by the limited time and space specifics and the nature of the population under their responsibility. © 2019, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved. |
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4 |
Peculiarities of seasonal migration of the kazakhs (The end of the xix – The beginning of the xx) |
Kartaeva T. |
2019 |
Bilig |
The Kazakhs, involved in livestock keeping, provided their livestock with natural pastures in all seasons. For this purpose the Kazakhs used pastures according to seasons: qystau (winter pasture), kokteu (spring pasture), zhailav (summer pasture) and kuzdeu (autumn pasture). The given article considers the usage of seasonal camps and historical-topography and cartography of the route of the Kazakhs on the basis of scientific facts. There were traditions and beliefs connected with seasonal migration. Those tribes who were involved in livestock keeping used to move to a long distance. The introduction of Russian tsar regime and the arrival of settlers made the nomads transfer to settled way of life in the second part of the XIX century. Tribes who moved a long distance used meridional, a short distance – transportation, to highlands – “direct” or “vertical” type of moving. © 2019, Ahmet Yesevi University. All rights reserved. |
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5 |
Sociocultural mechanisms of oralmans’ adaptation in the contemporary Kazakhstani society |
Kalysh A., Kassymova D., Isayeva A., Meirmanova G., Baudiyarova K., Sapatayev S. |
2019 |
Opcion |
The objective of the article is to make preliminary generalizations for further research on repatriates’ adaptation models via comparative qualitative research methods. As a result, the case of Kazakhs coming from Uzbekistan is interesting as it provides an opportunity to look at how Kazakh practices survived in Uzbek environment and now serve the purpose to breed true Kazakhness on Kazakh soil. In conclusion, the employment of Mahalla model by the Ak Ordasy Corporation was necessitated by the limited time and space specifics and the nature of the population under their responsibility. © 2019, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved. |
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6 |
Archaeobotanical investigations at the earliest horse herder site of Botai in Kazakhstan |
Motuzaite Matuzeviciute G., Lightfoot E., Liu X., Jacob J., Outram A.K., Zaibert V.F. |
2019 |
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |
This paper presents new radiocarbon dates and the results of the first archaeobotanical investigations at Eneolithic Botai site, for the first time aiming to explore the plant food component in the diet of Botai population and if the inhabitants of the Botai were a part of an early crop food exchange network. Our excavation of a hut circle and associated radiocarbon dating placed its occupation within a date range commencing around 3550 and 3030 cal BC and ending between 3080 and 2670 cal BC. A separate feature (likely a stove or kiln), excavated in test trench E, would seem to be younger, around 2000 cal BC. The dating of the site thus also indicates a previously unknown later occupation at Botai, opening further discussions on human subsistence and interaction as well as horse management in northern Eurasia from the Eneolithic to the Bronze Age. The archaeobotanical results, derived from systematic sampling and analysis of macrobotanical remains, plant phytoliths, and molecular biomarker analysis show that the Botai populations were not part of any wider crop network. |
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7 |
The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia |
Jeong C., Balanovsky O., Lukianova E., Kahbatkyzy N., Flegontov P., Zaporozhchenko V., Immel A., Wang C.-C., Ixan O., Khussainova E., Bekmanov B., Zaibert V. |
2019 |
Nature Ecology and Evolution |
The indigenous populations of inner Eurasia—a huge geographic region covering the central Eurasian steppe and the northern Eurasian taiga and tundra—harbour tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages. In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report additional damage-reduced genome-wide data of two previously published individuals from the Eneolithic Botai culture in Kazakhstan (~5,400 bp). We find that present-day inner Eurasian populations are structured into three distinct admixture clines stretching between various western and eastern Eurasian ancestries, mirroring geography. The Botai and more recent ancient genomes from Siberia show a decrease in contributions from so-called ‘ancient North Eurasian’ ancestry over time, which is detectable only in the northern-most ‘forest-tundra’ cline. |
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8 |
Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series |
Weinstock J., Zaibert V., Clavel B. |
2019 |
Cell |
Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN “speed gene,” only rose in popularity within the last millennium. |
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9 |
Local production and long-distance trade of Islamic glazed ceramics in Central Asia: A compositional analyses of ceramics from Southern Kazakhstan by NAA and LA-ICP-MS |
Klesner C.E., MacDonald B.L., Dussubieux L., Akymbek Y. |
2019 |
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |
In this study, 106 ceramics dating from the 9-15th c. CE from southern Kazakhstan were analyzed by neutron activation analysis (NAA) and laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to characterize the extent of local production and trade in the region during the Early and Middle Islamic periods. The ceramics, both glazed (n = 39) and unglazed sherds (n = 67) from mostly bowl and jars shapes, were excavated from seven Medieval cities along the northern edge of the Tien Shan mountains. The glazed ceramics represent several different but common technological and artistic styles. While compositional analysis of the ceramic pastes by NAA and LA-ICP-MS demonstrates that there are three distinct compositional groups for the lead-glazed ceramics from the region, LA-ICP-MS data of the major, minor, or trace elements of the glazes do not distinguish those same compositional groups. Comparison of the glazed ceramic NAA data to over 1300 previously analyzed ceramics from Southwest Asia, Central Asia, and China indicate both an active local production of lead-glazed ceramics in Southern Kazakhstan, and trade of specialty and glazed ceramics into the region from Southwest Asia. |
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10 |
New materials for study the culture of the ancient farmers in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya |
Utubaev Z.R., Bolelov S.B. |
2019 |
Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya |
The authors publish the results of the excavations of the suburban sanctuary, which is located at the nearest country of the hillfort Babish-Mulla, approximately five hundred meters to the south from the defensive wall of the shahristan. The monument is completely excavated. In the center of the yard, which is vast and almost square in plan, enclosed by a defensive wall, there is a small rectangular room with a square altar in the center made of raw bricks. By the characters of the cultural layer, more precisely, by the absence of the layer, as well as by the characteristic planning scheme, there are all reasons to suppose that this object is associated with the cult. The authors can only guess about nature of this cult. According to the accompanying material, the monument can be dated within the 3rd-2nd centuries BC. This dating is based on the fragments of ceramics presented in the complex, which were undoubtedly the parts of Hellenistic vessels. These vessels could not appear on the territory of the Lower Syr Darya before the beginning of the 3rd century BC. |
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11 |
The problem of organizing care for the wounded and sick soldiers during world war I |
Ryskeldy S. Myrzabekova |
2019 |
Bylye Gody Q1 |
World War I was a global armed conflict of the industrial age. The armies of the warring parties used all achievements of science and technology: toxic gases, air raids, tanks. The use of powerful weapons, equipment and new methods of warfare led to destruction or injury of a huge number of people. The norms of international humanitarian law that provide for the treatment of the sick and wounded in armed conflicts reflect elementary considerations of humanity. According to the Geneva Conventions of 1864 and 1906, sanitary facilities should get the patronage and protection of belligerents. After each battle, the belligerent, which occupies the battlefield, must organize operations to find the wounded and provide them medical assistance. In all belligerent countries, all doctors, both conscripts and volunteers, began their military service, making them one of the largest groups of academically trained specialists engaged in hostilities. Doctors and nurses selflessly served humanistic ideals, they did not differentiate the wounded and sick soldiers based on their belonging to any nation or state. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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12 |
Правовые основы землевладения и землепользования переселенцев в Семиречье в конце XIX – начале XX в. |
Ф. Н. Мийманбаева, А. Н. Команджаев, Е. А. Команджаев |
2019 |
«Oriental Studies». |
Цель исследования ― проанализировать историю формирования правовых основ русской крестьянской колонизации в Семиречье и землепользования переселенцев в конце XIX – начале XX в. Правительственная и стихийная крестьянская колонизация Семиречья являлась сложным процессом, вызывавшим трудности в определении правового статуса переселенческого землепользования. Эта правовая неопределенность создавала в регионе различные типы крестьянских поселений ― старожильческие села, новоселия и самовольные поселки, имевших свои особенности и, соответственно, неодинаковый правовой статус. Это было связано со сложностью земельных отношений в Семиречье и недостаточной определенностью нормативной базы крестьянского землепользования в регионе. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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13 |
Systematic literature review: programming of micro-robots on the basis of arduino |
Zhanat Nurbekova, Talant Tolganbaiuly, Bahyt Nurbekov, Kalima Tuenbaeva |
2019 |
Ad Alta: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
The journal is currently indexed on the list of The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences (ERIH PLUS), Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), CrossRef, EBSCO, Index Copernicus. |
Modern technology is developing at a high speed and is being practically implemented in all areas of our lives. At the same time, the requirements of employers are growing, in order to keep pace with the time; students need to study diligently, to develop themselves, especially in the field of computer science and engineering. Over the past few years, in training in engineering areas most universities in the world are actively using Arduino platform to motivate students to learn, develop skills of teamwork and the application of knowledge in practice. In this paper, the state of research in this subject has been analyzed, and a literature review has been conducted. This work is a theoretical and methodological basis for further research.
Современные технологии развиваются с большой скоростью и внедряются практически во все сферы нашей жизни. При этом требования работодателей растут, чтобы идти в ногу со временем; студенты должны усердно учиться, развиваться, особенно в области информатики и инженерии. За последние несколько лет при обучении по инженерным направлениям большинство университетов мира активно используют платформу Arduino для мотивации студентов к обучению, развития навыков командной работы и применения знаний на практике. В данной работе проанализировано состояние исследований по данной тематике, проведен обзор литературы. Данная работа является теоретико-методологической базой для дальнейших исследований. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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14 |
Русские переселенческие села Семиречья в конце XIX – начале XX вв. |
Мийманбаева Ф. Н., , Абдирайимова А. С., Алпысбаева Н. К., Нускабай П. Н. |
2019 |
Былые годы |
Раскрывая процесс переселенческого движения, авторы рассматривают становление самовольческих хозяйств в Семиречье. Выявляются динамика переселенческого движения, трансформация планов Семиреченского областного руководства по обеспечению крестьян землей, деление крестьянского населения на старожильческое, новосельческое и самовольческое; указывается количество русских сел, основные занятия крестьян, социальная дифференциация крестьянства. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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15 |
Княжеское достоинство потомков хана Внутренней орды Джангира |
Султангалиева Г.С. Тулешова У.
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2019 |
ЭНОЖ История. |
На основе методов исторической персонологии осуществляется исследование через социокультурное измерение биографий титулованных казахских дворян семьи хана Джангира, реализовавших себя в период XIX в. в пространстве Российской империи, как в управлении на локальной территории Внутренней орды, так и на службе в других частях империи. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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16 |
Вклад российских имперских научно-краеведческих обществ в научное изучение Центральной Азии |
Удербаева С.К., Любичанковский А.В. |
2019 |
Электронный научно-образовательный журнал «История». 2019. T. 10. Выпуск 8 (82) [Электронный ресурс]. |
В данной статье на основе архивных источников, новейшей литературы рассматривается история создания, научно-исследовательская, краеведческая деятельность целого ряда Российских имперских научно-краеведческих обществ пореформенного периода. Новизна данной статьи заключается в попытке системного анализа истории создания, итогов научной и издательской деятельности географических, архивных, археологических, статистических обществ, действовавших на территории имперской Центральной Азии. Изучение результатов исследовательской деятельности научно-краеведческих обществ позволило сделать вывод о существенном вкладе в научное изучение Центральной Азии дореволюционных научных обществ. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/18671/page/ |
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17 |
New Methodological Approaches to the Study of Political History of the Golden Horde in the 13th-16th Centuries |
Karibaev Bereket, Maidanali Zere, Bizhanova Meiramkul, Koshymova Aknur, Noyanov Yedil. |
2019 |
Codrul cosminulu. – 2019. -Issue 1, (Vol. 25). –P. 7-30 |
The article discusses the theoretical and conceptual approaches of modern historical sci-ence on the issues of the Golden Horde's political history, revealing research paradigms and principles concerning the existence and behaviour of the nomadic statehood. The authors present the progress of historical knowledge in studying the issues related to social and political changes and the transformation of the Golden Horde. The interaction and the mutual influence of political structures on the sedentary agricultural populations as well as the dynamics and continuity of ideological processes were identified on the basis of new methodological principles of research. At the same time, the actualization and extrapola-tion of previous historical experience are particularly important, allowing to adequately mark the place of the nomadic civilization in the world-historical processes as a part of world history. Modern historical thought is characterized by new theoretical and concep-tual approaches and the removal of clichés on the political history of the Golden Horde. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/18671/page/ |
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Список публикации за 2018 год |
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1 |
Religious identification of traditional kazakh society in the 16th-19th centuries |
Nurtazina N., Kozgambayeva G.,Yegizbaeva M.,Beisegulova A.,Soikina N. |
2018 |
European Journal of Science and Theology |
The religious identification of Kazakhs is a complex and debatable topic because for a long time academic literature was dominated by the view of Kazakh nomads‟ indifference to Islam („superficial Islam‟) and the great importance in their culture of traces of Shamanism. However, in the past decades the number of supporters of a new point of view about the Muslim identity of Kazakhs has grown. This research aimed to analyse the religious identification of the Kazakhs based on the modern methodology of defining identity when its indicators include, above all, the self-consciousness of society. The authors of this paper do not share stereotypes of Russian and Soviet historiographies, for example the understanding of Islam as a religion of sedentary-crop growing peoples and the obsolete assessment of Sufism as a pre-Islamic phenomenon. |
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2 |
Legendary and traditional vehicles of Kazakhs according to folklore sources |
Kalish A., Terekbayeva J. |
2018 |
Milli Folklor |
The traditional transport system is one of the interesting interdisciplinary, as well as problematic themes. Concerning the transport, there are proofs of many legends, images and tools, which in a moment can bring with person. The concepts are formed in the ancient times. If such mythical images as flying carpets, brooms of witches, a winged dragon are the property of the peoples of the world, then the flying Pyrak (horse), the winged leopard and the Zhelmaya are the mythological images and peculiar transport forms taking place in the traditional outlook of the Kazakh people. A winged Tulpar or Pyrak (horse) is a widespread image in the worldview of Kazakhs. That is an unshakable dream, striving for amazing fictional places, unbridled aspiration, and a philanthropic idea, leading to good and immortal life. The winged leopard, which is the symbol of glamour, courage, speed, flexibility and arrogance, is found in archaeological excavations in East Kazakhstan and Zhetysu. The winged leopard is a fictional image of a mountain leopard that lived in this region. The Zhelmaya is a mythical image of a camel faster than the wind. According to Kazakh legends, Korkut Ata and Asan Kaygy got on the Zhelmaya. Carts and phaetons are among the main characters of the life of the Kazakhs, which are familiar to Kazakhs as ancient transport communications. |
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3 |
Funeral rites of Kazakhs of Tarbagatai region (in the late 19th century and beginning of the 20th century) |
Kalihanoviç O.Ğ., Karpikkizi Y.M., Kozğanbayeva G.B |
2018 |
Milli Folklor |
The location of a significant part of the Kazakhs returning from China to Tarbagatai region between 1955-1963 creates a certain ethnographic appearance in this place. When these ethnographic characteristics are analyzed and classified, it is possible to reveal the real scale of Kazakh culture and historical and cultural relations between neighboring countries; the causes and consequences of a change can be determined. In the course of the study, problematic chronological, comparative and historical methods were used as one of the effective methods of local ethnographic research. In particular, the systematization of comparative information, the link between the local ethnic group and other ethnic representatives who are in ethnic communication with other ethnic groups close to it, and its influence, are the basis for determining the consequences. Based on the available information, the system of rituals associated with the ceremonies of the Kazakhs of the Tarbagatai region was evaluated in three main stages. These are rituals of funeral preparations, secondly, rituals of the deceased on the way to another world, and the last one is ceremonies of remembrance. While implementing the study, we managed to show the practical survival with the Tarbagatai Kazaks of the same customs and traditions, as with neighboring peoples, among which are Turkic-speaking peoples of Siberia and Central Asia. There are also differences in-between, which our study treated with the analysis. |
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4 |
The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia |
de Barros Damgaard P.,Martiniano R.,Kamm J.,Víctor Moreno-Mayar J.,Kroonen G.,Peyrot M.,Barjamovic G.,Rasmussen S.g,Zacho C.,Baimukhanov, Zaibert V. |
2018 |
Science |
The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (~3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyzed 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after, but not at the time of, Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia. |
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5 |
Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses |
Damgaard P.D.B.Mittnik A., Zaibert V. |
2018 |
Science |
The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5500 years ago, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient-horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient- and modern-horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4000 years ago to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age. |
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6 |
Loess accumulation in the Tian Shan piedmont: Implications for palaeoenvironmental change in arid Central Asia |
Fitzsimmons K.E.,Sprafke T.,Zielhofer C.,Günter C.,Deom J.-M.,Sala R.,Iovita R. |
2018 |
Quaternary International |
Whilst correlations have been made between the loess of Europe and China, deposits in Central Asia have remained largely overlooked by scientific investigation. The nature of the relationship between loess accumulation and palaeoclimate at the core of the Eurasian loess belt is particularly poorly understood. Here we reconstruct palaeoenvironmental change in Central Asia over the last 40 ky based on data from the Remizovka loess profile, in the northern foothills of the Tian Shan in southern Kazakhstan. Our interpretations are based on synthesis of chronostratigraphic, colour and magnetic susceptibility data, supported by chronostratigraphies from two additional sites nearby, Maibulak and Valikhanova. All three sites record substantially increased loess accumulation during late MIS 3 into the global last glacial maximum (gLGM). At Remizovka, increased loess flux occurred in two pulses at c. 38-25 ka and 22-18 ka, with the intervening period involving incipient pedogenesis. At Maibulak, two loess pulses at c. 40-30 ka and c. 28-22 ka are separated by a weakly developed paleosol which may date to the same time as pedogenesis at Remizovka. There is additional possible periglacial influence at Maibulak from c. 40–33.5 ka. At Valikhanova, there is some age overlap between paleosol and loess samples, but overall loess accumulation appears to have increased at c. 42-35 ka, c. 30 ka and the gLGM, with pedogenesis occurring >40 ka and c. 32 ka. At all three sites, Holocene loess accumulation is minimal; this period is characterised by pedogenesis. The chronostratigraphic variability between our sites highlights a need to interrogate climate-driven models for loess formation in piedmont environments. We interpret our data in the context of regional palaeoenvironmental archives to indicate that loess accumulation increased coeval with MIS 3 glacial advance in the Tian Shan, which was facilitated by northward expansion of the Asian monsoon and associated increase in precipitation. |
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7 |
Visualizing History: The ‘Soviet Kazakhstan’ Newsreel Series |
Gulzira Seksenbayeva John Clarke |
2018 |
Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, DOI: 10.1080/01439685.2017.1300406– июнь, 2017-12-06 (UK); Volume 38, 2018 – Issue 2 |
This article investigates the emergence, development and role of the newsreel during the Soviet period of Kazakh history. In particular, it focuses on the ‘Soviet Kazakhstan’ series, which was produced over six decades. The article stresses the value of the newsreel as an historical source, one relatively neglected in the past. It explores the reasons why the new Communist authorities were attracted to the newsreel, a mass medium that could play a central role in the building of a socialist society. It goes on to consider the relationship between the ‘message’ of newsreels and the ideological stance of the Communist Party – and particularly on those occasions when the two were literally ‘out of sync’. The article also investigates the subject matter of newsreels produced in the 1930s and 1940s and the extent and nature of party control. It discusses the changes of the 1960s, changes that allowed for a greater emphasis on character in addition to the simple portrayal of events. It argues, however, that these changes were modest and that, even in the 1980s, the predominant images were of factories and combine harvesters. It concludes that the newsreel played a central role in promoting acceptance of the principles of Communism and, perhaps more prosaically, in raising hopes of a better future. While accepting that ‘Soviet Kazakhstan’ was always ideologically conditioned, the article contends that it did create an invaluable screen chronicle that reflected at least some aspects of reality. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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8 |
Distance and distance chiefs of the Kazakhs of the Orenburg province (1830-1860) |
Sultangalieva, G.S., Dyussembekova, Z.K. |
2018 |
Bylye Gody |
The article reveals the process of introduction the distance system on the territory of the Kazakhs of the Orenburg region and the appointment of the distance chiefs for almost forty years (1831-1868). It was important for the Russian administration to force the integration of the Kazakh Steppe into Empire by creating a fractional territorial administrative structure of governance, strengthening the influence of Russian power in the Steppe, since in the first half of the XIX century Orenburg region served as bridge for the advancement of the Russian Empire in Central Asia. Distant system gave the ability to systematically record the number of tents and the number of Kazakh people in the depths of the Steppe and collect tent taxes from the local population and regulate the relationship between border residents and nomads. The article is based on archival documents extracted from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan and historical literature. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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9 |
Comparative analysis on digital diplomacy in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan |
Tassilova, A., Zhappasov, Z., Shyngyssova, N., .Tasylova, N., Kozgambayeva, G. |
2018 |
Astra Salvensis . 2018, Issue 11, p 321-332. 12p |
Digital diplomacy is a new and developing tool of public diplomacy. In 21st century, where information is the most powerful tool of politics, importance of the study of Digital Diplomacy increases for a several times. The purpose of this article is to analyze such concepts as public diplomacy, digital diplomacy and media diplomacy in the context of contemporary international relations. Also, the authors of the study conducted a comparative analysis of the involvement of diplomatic services of 3 countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan) in the sphere of digital diplomacy. In the course of the work, a scoring assessment of the positions of countries in international and national rankings was conducted. Statistical data were compiled for each country, which allowed obtaining the most complete picture of the digital trends in the diplomacy of the above three countries. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/18671/page/ |
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Список публикации за 2017 год |
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1 |
A chronological framework connecting the early Upper Palaeolithic across the Central Asian piedmont |
Fitzsimmons K.E.,Iovita R.,Sprafke T., Glantz M.,Talamo S.,Horton K.fBeeton T.,Alipova S.,Bekseitov G.,Ospanov Y.,Deom J.-M,Sala R. |
2017 |
Journal of Human Evolution |
Central Asia has delivered significant paleoanthropological discoveries in the past few years. New genetic data indicate that at least two archaic human species met and interbred with anatomically modern humans as they arrived into northern Central Asia. However, data are limited: known archaeological sites with lithic assemblages generally lack human fossils, and consequently identifying the archaeological signatures of different human groups, and the timing of their occupation, remains elusive. Reliable chronologic data from sites in the region, crucial to our understanding of the timing and duration of interactions between different human species, are rare. Here we present chronologies for two open air Middle to Upper Palaeolithic (UP) sequences from the Tien Shan piedmont in southeast Kazakhstan, Maibulak and Valikhanova, which bridge southern and northern Central Asia. The chronologies, based on both quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and polymineral post-infrared infrared luminescence (pIR-IRSL) protocols, demonstrate that technological developments at the two sites differ substantially over the ∼47–19 ka time span. Some of the innovations typically associated with the earliest UP in the Altai or other parts of northeast Asia are also present in the Tien Shan piedmont. |
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2 |
The peculiarities of rituals, ceremonies Nauryz and Nauryznama holiday among the Kazakhs |
Kartaeva T., Habijanova G. |
2017 |
Turk Kulturu ve Haci Bektas Veli - Arastirma Dergisi |
According to the East calendar the celebration of Nauryz is the way to see the New Year in. Written sources relating to the history and meaning of the Nauryz holiday belong to the works of medieval Eastern authors, the records of researchers and travelers arrived in Central Asia, as well as the works of the educators and Alashorda representatives. The Kazakhs passed the information about the Nauryz holiday orally from generation to generation. The Nauryz celebration, as the beginning of the New Year, the equinox of the day and night was fixed on the basis of the calendar drawn up with the participation of Omar Khayyam. In ancient times, due to incorrect calculation of a calendar, the beginning of the New Year postponed for another month every year. In ancient and medieval Eastern States the Nauryz celebration was held in accordance with the ceremonies of the tsarist palace. In comparison with other Eastern nations the Nauryz celebration among Kazakhs has its own peculiarities. In traditional Kazakh society the New Year holiday - "Nauryznama" lasted for several days. In ancient times during the Nauryz the Kazakhs performed such rituals and ceremonies as korisu [meeting], selt etkizer [gift giving to woman by men] uiqy ashar [the dastarkhan prepared by women for men], bel koterer [treating the old people], ottan sekiru [jumping over Fire], alastau [the purification with fire], the worship to the holy place, drinking of sweet water in a sacred place etc. |
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3 |
The kazak wedding "betashar": Regional features and rites |
Kartaeva T., Kalniyaz B. |
2017 |
Turk Kulturu ve Haci Bektas Veli - Arastirma Dergisi |
Betashar is the Kazak peoples’ traditional folklore heritage, rooted in ancient times. The tradition of betashar (meaning «opening the face of a new bride») is one of the important traditions of wedding ceremonies of the Kazakh people. Betashar is a vivid tradition in all regions of the Kazak land, passing from one generation to the next. This ceremony is performed by a cheerful, silver-tongued, respectable and young poet. A song accompanying the ceremony of removing shawl from the bride’s face is the most significant part of the betashar. The Betashar ritual is a tradition maintained within the family with great enthusiasm. The most important goal of the Betasar tradition is to guide the new bride to get used to new family life by the introducing new family members and the ease of getting used to a new family life, with the help of the song «betashar». Presentation of betashar is an extremely solemn and very picturesque event. After betashar, the ritual as a part of which the new daughter in law serve tea to all of the relatives starts. The article highlights the regional variations in the Betashar ritual in Kazak land. |
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4 |
Genealogical myths and problems about the origin of ancient Turkic people |
Kumekov, B.E., Sagandykova, A.B., Mukhazhanova, T.E., Sabdenova, G.E., Myrzabekova, R.S |
2017 |
Analele Universitatii din Craiova - Seria Istoriethis link is disabled, 2016, 30(2), стр. 9–15 Citations - 1 |
В статье всесторонне проанализированы генеалогические мифы о происхождении древнетюркских народов и связанные с ними вопросы. Статья представляет интерес для исследователей средневековой истории, проблем этногенеза, вопросов происхождения тюркских народов. The article comprehensively analyzes the genealogical myths about the origin of the ancient Turkic peoples and related issues. The article is of interest to researchers of medieval history, problems of ethnogenesis, questions of the origin of the Turkic peoples. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |
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5 |
Oguz's history in the examples of folklore. |
Koshymova A., Omarbekov T., Nogaybayeva M.S. |
2017 |
Analele Universitatii din Craiova - Seria Istorie, 2017. – 2(32)/2017. – P. 119-130. |
Genealogical data reached us as legends, stories, fairy tales, poems, poetries, and oratorical speeches which tell us about origin of human, formation of nations and tribes and their disjunction, about well-known heroes’ and other famous people’s life, customs and traditions, political events etc. The ability of the legendary and genealogic information of the poems and legends such as “Turkmen genealogy”, “Oguz-name”, “The book of Korkyt Ata” can open new stage of the history. Containing the information about world outlook and religious beliefs, and etc. of Oguz tribes who populated Syrdaiya region, Aral, the north of Kaspi Sea plays considerable role in unfolding the content of the topic. In the study, the results of archaeological excavations carried out in the towns of Oguz and data of samples of folklore were compared, and it was determined that it was the cultural heritage of cities of Zhankent, Kumkent, Shaulder, Barshınkent. It was proved that using data of folklore samples can help to unfold the historical truth. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/18671/page/ |
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6 |
Understanding of Kazakh volost by Russian officials of the XIX century |
Sultangalieva, G.S., Dalayeva, T.T., Malikov, B.U. |
2017 |
Bylye Gody |
The article examines the views of Russian officials (M. Speransky, S. Bronevsky, P. Gorchakov, K. Gutkovsky and others) on the process of establishing the institute of the volost management system in the Kazakh steppe during the 19th century. Socio-political processes of integration of Steppe required from regional authorities to take into account the peculiarities of lifestyle, and culture of local people. |
https://www.kaznu.kz/ru/25344/page/ |